![]() ![]() In the RELEASE MSS1 clinical trial, nabiximols oromucosal spray was not demonstrated to effectively reduce lower extremity spasticity as assessed in knee flexors and extensors, and plantar flexors by MAS. 2, 4, 5 There are multiple factors contributing to this dilemma and limitations in this scale including lack of comprehensive assessment, failure to include dynamic measurements of spasticity with change in position or movement, limited standardized protocol for interrater reliability/consistency, limited reliability that varies between limbs impacted, lack of sensitivity in defining and detecting variations in spasticity along a meaningful continuum, and non-inclusion of the patients perspective on spasticity impact and change. Hence the reason that the MAS, despite its wide use, is also widely criticized as an ineffective assessment scale. 1 Ambiguity in both definition and measurement sensitivity impacts scale sensitivity and validity. 3 Although the appreciation of the impact of spasticity has evolved, the dilemma remains as to the optimal definition and measurements of spasticity from both patient and clinician perspectives. pain, bladder dysfunction, and sleep alterations). ![]() 2 Recently, Fernández and his colleagues proposed a broad concept of ‘Spasticity-Plus Syndrome’, which includes the determination of spasticity and associated symptoms (i.e. Spasticity is reported to impact 60% to 84% of people with MS (PwMS). All subjects Allied Health Cardiology & Cardiovascular Medicine Dentistry Emergency Medicine & Critical Care Endocrinology & Metabolism Environmental Science General Medicine Geriatrics Infectious Diseases Medico-legal Neurology Nursing Nutrition Obstetrics & Gynecology Oncology Orthopaedics & Sports Medicine Otolaryngology Palliative Medicine & Chronic Care Pediatrics Pharmacology & Toxicology Psychiatry & Psychology Public Health Pulmonary & Respiratory Medicine Radiology Research Methods & Evaluation Rheumatology Surgery Tropical Medicine Veterinary Medicine Cell Biology Clinical Biochemistry Environmental Science Life Sciences Neuroscience Pharmacology & Toxicology Biomedical Engineering Engineering & Computing Environmental Engineering Materials Science Anthropology & Archaeology Communication & Media Studies Criminology & Criminal Justice Cultural Studies Economics & Development Education Environmental Studies Ethnic Studies Family Studies Gender Studies Geography Gerontology & Aging Group Studies History Information Science Interpersonal Violence Language & Linguistics Law Management & Organization Studies Marketing & Hospitality Music Peace Studies & Conflict Resolution Philosophy Politics & International Relations Psychoanalysis Psychology & Counseling Public Administration Regional Studies Religion Research Methods & Evaluation Science & Society Studies Social Work & Social Policy Sociology Special Education Urban Studies & Planning BROWSE JOURNALSĬlinically, spasticity is manifested as an involuntary activation (or relaxation failure) of muscle tissue as a result of an upper motor neuron syndrome.
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